Mark 14:30, 68, 72 — Once or Twice? The Cock-Crowing Text and Peter’s Denial

by Chris Thomas | Jul 22, 2026

Passage: Mark 14:30, 68, 72Received reading: The cock crows twice: prediction in verse 30, first crow in verse 68, second crow in verse 72.Principal competing reading: A once-crowing form that omits “twice,” the first crow, and/or “the second time.”Editorial status:...

Mark 15:39 — What Did the Centurion See When He Confessed the Son of God?

by Chris Thomas | Jul 22, 2026

Passage: Mark 15:39Received reading: “Seeing that he thus cried out and gave up the ghost” (ὅτι οὕτω κράξας ἐξέπνευσεν).Principal competing reading: “Seeing that he thus breathed his last” (ὅτι οὕτως ἐξέπνευσεν).Editorial status: Preliminary record accepted for...

Mark 16:1 — When the Sabbath Was Past: The Women, the Spices, and the Opening of the Resurrection Account

by Chris Thomas | Jul 22, 2026

Passage: Mark 16:1Received reading: “When the sabbath was past,” followed by Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome buying spices.Principal competing reading: Minor shortened forms omitting two names, the passing of the Sabbath, or adjusting the purchase...

Mark 16:8–9 — “For They Were Afraid”: Does the Transition Require a Lost Ending?

by Chris Thomas | Jul 22, 2026

Passage: Mark 16:8–9Received reading: Verse 8 is followed by verse 9: the women flee in fear, then the risen Jesus appears first to Mary Magdalene.Principal competing reading: The Gospel originally ended at verse 8, or an unknown original ending was lost and verses...