The Proportionality Safeguard: Match the Answer to the Error
The force, publicity, duration, and repetition of criticism should correspond to the seriousness, reach, persistence, and danger of the error.
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18 published records in this controlled archive.
The Category Safeguard: Use Exact Names for Error and Heresy
Error, serious error, unconfessional teaching, material heresy, formal obstinacy, damnable heresy, and disqualification are related but distinct judgments.
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The Fact, Inference, and Motive Safeguard: Keep Distinct Claims Distinct
Documentary facts, necessary inferences, probable implications, theological judgments, and claims about motive require different evidence.
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The Strongest-Form Safeguard: Answer the Best Case
An opposing position must be stated in the strongest credible form supported by its public advocates before it is judged.
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The Context Safeguard: Quotations Must Be Heard in Their Setting
Words must be interpreted within their sentence, argument, work, controversy, qualifications, and historical setting.
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