Could “Who” Begin with Faded Ink?
A fading theta can become an omicron to the eye. That supplies a credible route from θεός to ὅς—but the hypothesis must not be exaggerated into a claim…
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Principles, methods, evidence, and criticism concerning the biblical text.
Richard Simon and the Use of Textual Uncertainty Against Sola Scriptura
Richard Simon is a key historical case because he used textual uncertainty to weaken the Protestant rule of faith while retaining Christian language.
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Why “Gnosticism” Must Remain Plural
The movements commonly grouped under Gnosticism did not confess one creed. A defensible textual indictment must name the teacher, the system, and the exact proposition before judging a…
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The Rush to Print: Speed Is Not a Textual Theory
Erasmus’s 1516 edition was produced quickly. That fact does not prove the familiar commercial-race story, nor can it establish a particular reading without a reading-specific argument.
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The Woman They Put in Brackets: John 7:53–8:11 and the Canonical Cost
The story is known even by people who cannot place it in John. A woman is brought into the temple. Her accusers say she was taken in adultery.…
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Manuscripts Give Readings, Not Rankings
A manuscript directly supplies a reading, but its age, independence, character, and weight are conclusions reached through further historical judgments.
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